Ehsan

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So far Ehsan has created 23 blog entries.

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on Crohn’s disease after the end of “zero-COVID” policy in China

2023-08-10T06:17:18+00:00

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on Crohn’s disease after the end of “zero-COVID” policy in China Abstract The incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Crohn’s disease (CD) patients are unknown in China. This study aimed to clarify the clinical courses and outcomes of CD patients in the first COVID-19 wave after the end of “zero-COVID” policy in China. Access link to full article 

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on Crohn’s disease after the end of “zero-COVID” policy in China2023-08-10T06:17:18+00:00

A Review on Garlic as a Supplement for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mechanistic Insight into its Direct and Indirect Effects

2023-08-10T06:13:09+00:00

A Review on Garlic as a Supplement for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mechanistic Insight into its Direct and Indirect Effects ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most complicated neurodegenerative diseases causing dementia in human beings. Aside from that, the incidence of AD is increasing and its treatment is very complicated. There are several known hypotheses regarding the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, including the amyloid beta hypothesis, tau hypothesis, inflammation hypothesis, and cholinergic hypothesis, which are investigated in different researches to completely elucidate the pathology of AD. Besides, some new mechanisms, such as immune, endocrine, and vagus pathways, as well as [...]

A Review on Garlic as a Supplement for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mechanistic Insight into its Direct and Indirect Effects2023-08-10T06:13:09+00:00

Anatomy – joints of human body

2023-08-10T05:11:25+00:00

Types of joints found in the human body Joint A joint is defined as a connection between two bones in the skeleton and there are many ways in which joints can be classified. the structural classification of the joints. the synovial joint, the fibrous joint, the cartilaginous   synovial joint synovial joint is the most common joint found in the human body. Characteristics: Articular capsule Articular surface Articular cavity Additional structures: Ligaments Articular disc Articular labrum Synovial fold Synovial bursa Figure 1. Characteristics of joints Types of synovial joint: Ball and socket joint: allow movement around multiple axes; permit [...]

Anatomy – joints of human body2023-08-10T05:11:25+00:00

Anatomy – skeletal system (structure of bone)

2022-07-14T11:40:58+00:00

Osteology Osteology is the scientific study of bones, knowing characteristics of bones help us to understand musculoskeletal system better. The shape and classification of bones, the structure of bones, the chemical and physical properties of bones are the main subjects covered in this chapter. functions of bone and the skeletal system Support: besides your muscles you need bones to strengthen the musculoskeletal systems. The skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for the tendons of most skeletal muscles. Protection: There are many important organs beneath the ribs of thorax, [...]

Anatomy – skeletal system (structure of bone)2022-07-14T11:40:58+00:00

Pharmacology-Introduction to autonomic pharmacology

2023-08-10T05:15:39+00:00

Parasympathetic The part of the autonomic nervous system that originates in the cranial nerves (and traditionally, the sacral part of the spinal cord); the craniosacral autonomic system. Sympathetic the part of the autonomic nervous system that originates in the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord; the thoracolumbar autonomic system. Enteric nervous system (ENS) The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a semiautonomous part of the ANS located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with specific functions for the control of this organ system. Adrenergic, noradrenergic A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter; also, a synapse in [...]

Pharmacology-Introduction to autonomic pharmacology2023-08-10T05:15:39+00:00

physiology-membrane transport

2023-08-10T05:28:39+00:00

The membrane transport there are different types of basic membrane transport which can help to regulate the solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes of cell and organelles inside the cell. Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Endocytosis and Exocytosis simple diffusion movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower concentration. (down the concentration gradient only) Rate of diffusion depends on The concentration gradient Charge on the molecule Size Lipid solubility Temperature Figure 1. Simple diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Carrier-mediated diffusion Channel-mediated diffusion carrier-mediated diffusion In simple diffusion,flux rate is limited only by the concentration gradient. however, [...]

physiology-membrane transport2023-08-10T05:28:39+00:00

physiology-cytoskeleton

2023-08-10T05:27:55+00:00

The cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton system a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm Fibers appear to support the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and “free” ribosomes Gives mechanical support to the cell Is involved in cell motility, which utilizes motor proteins Rodlike pieces that provide support and allow movement and mechanisms that can move the cell or its parts Figure 1. cytoskeleton system Main components of cytoskeleton system Microfilaments Solid rods of globular proteins. Important component of cytoskeleton which offers support to cell structure. Microfilaments can slide past each other, causing shortening of the cell  Figure 2. Microfilaments Intermediate filament Intermediate [...]

physiology-cytoskeleton2023-08-10T05:27:55+00:00

physiology-cell organelles

2023-08-10T05:26:43+00:00

cytoplasm and cytosol Figure 1. basic structure of cell and the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol cytoplasm is a gel-like matrix of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases and contains cell structures (organelles). Cytosol is fluid around the organelles. Most of the cell's metabolic reactions occur in the cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum network of interconnected parallel membranes (maze), that is continuous with the nuclear membrane; Two types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) ER studded with ribosomes; Function: protein synthesis and intracellular transportation of molecules Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes; Function: lipid & cholesterol synthesis and Stores calcium. ribosomes Every cell [...]

physiology-cell organelles2023-08-10T05:26:43+00:00

physiology-cell membrane

2023-08-10T05:26:04+00:00

Basic structure of the cell Figure 1. basic structure of cell and the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol Composition of cell membrane Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates function of cell membrane Serves as boundary of the cell. Serve as markers that identify the cells. Play significant role in transportation. Cell recognition proteins-allow cell to recognize other cells. Figure 2. cell membrane components Lipid bilayers Phospholipid   Phosphatidylcholine   Phosphatidylserine   Phosphatidylethanolamine   Phosphatidylinositol Cholesterol Sphingolipid Lipid mobility there are movements across the cell membrane, lateral movements, rotation and also Flip-flop. however, flip-flop is rare movement. there are also two important features [...]

physiology-cell membrane2023-08-10T05:26:04+00:00

Histology-Specialized structures of epithelia

2023-08-10T05:19:51+00:00

Specialized structures of epithelial Cilia, microvilli are located at the free space of epithelial cells. basement membrane, membrane infolding are located at the basal surface of epithelial cells. tight junction, intermediate junction, desmosome, gap junctions are located at the lateral surface of epithelial cells. Figure 1.  epithelial cells surfaces microvilli microvilli is type of projection in the plasma membrane. They can be found on the apical surface of some of the epithelial cells. • Striated border—on the surface of the columnar cells of small intestinal mucosa. • Brush border—on the surface of the proximal tubule cells of kidney. Function: [...]

Histology-Specialized structures of epithelia2023-08-10T05:19:51+00:00
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