pharmacology
Chapter 2-Drug Receptors and Pharmacodynamics
1. What characteristic gives cortisol the ability to target intranuclear receptors?
a. diffuse through lipid membrane
b. interact with adenylyl cyclase
c. Interact with G-protein-coupled receptors
d. Recruit intracellular kinases
e. undergo autophosphorylation
2. A new drug was tested in an in vitro system.It was found that only one enantiomer of the racemic pair bound substantially to a specific receptor, whereas the other enantiomer showed negligible binding. Which of the following terms best defines this property?
a. Intrinsic activity
b. Affinity
c. Stereoselectivity
d. Potency
e. Variability
f. Maximal efficacy
3. A 14-year-old girl suffering from seasonal rhinitis started a therapy with loratadine, a drug that binds to H1 histamine receptors. Which of the following terms describes a characteristic of loratadine binding to the H1 receptor?
a. Intrinsic activity
b. Potency
c. Maximal efficacy
d. Affinity
E. Receptor activation
4. A 2-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department after a generalized tonic-colonic seizure. His mother reported that the boy apparently ingested several tablets of propranolol, a β-blocker,which he had found in his father’s dresser drawer. Vital signs on admission were blood pressure 85/50 mm Hg, heart rate 40 beats per minute (bpm),respiratory rate 20/min. The boy received an intramuscular injection of glucagon, a hormone that activates glucagon receptors in the heart, causing a significant increase in heart contractility. Which of the following terms best de nes the antagonism between glucagon and β-blockers?
a. Chemical
b. Functional
c. Competitive
d. Pharmacokinetic
e. Pharmacological
5. A 65-year-old woman suffering from atrial fibrillation had been taking a drug to treat this condition for 6 months. The drug had no intrinsic activity and bound reversibly to β1 receptors. Which of the following terms best defines this drug?
a. Partial agonist
b. Functional antagonist
c. Inverse agonist
d. Noncompetitive antagonist
e. Competitive antagonist
f. Full agonist
6. which statements below is NOT CORRECT?
a. (Full) agonists are able to activate the receptor and result in a maximal biological response. Most natural ligands are full agonists.
b. Partial agonists do not activate receptors thoroughly, causing responses which are partial compared to those of full agonists.
c. Antagonists bind to receptors and activate specific receptors and partially effective. This results in receptor blockage, inhibiting the binding of other agonists.
d. Inverse agonists reduce the activity of receptors by inhibiting their constitutive activity.
7. Which of the following is an action of a noncompetitive antagonist?
a. Alters the mechanism ofaction ofan agonist
b. Alters the potency of an agonist
c. Binds to the same site on the receptor as the agonist
d. Decreases the maximum response to an agonist
e. Shifts the dose-response curve of an agonist to the right
9. Two new drugs were tested in laboratory animals. Which of the following drug parameters was most likely recorded to estimate the relative potency of both drugs?
a. The therapeutic index of both drugs
b. The maximal responses produced by each drug
c. The graded log dose−response curve of both drugs
d. The volume of distribution of both drugs
e. The clearance of both drugs
10. A 65-year-old woman who had been admitted to the hospital with a myocardial infarction developed ventricular tachycardia and received an intravenous injection of lidocaine. Her cardiologist knew that the dose given must be within the range of doses that have a high probability of therapeutic success. Which of the following terms best defines this range?
a. Intrinsic activity
b. Efficacy
c. Potency
d. Therapeutic index
e. Therapeutic window
f. Response variability